The hard, fine-grained wood of the larger Canadian maples is widely used for manufacturing furniture, flooring, and interior woodwork, as well as for bowls, toys, musical instruments, plywood and veneer. There are approximately 128 species, most of which are native to Asia, with a number also appearing in Europe, northern Africa, and North America.Only one species, Acer laurinum, extends to the Southern Hemisphere. Maple is one of the most popular trees in Canada. Also known as field maple or common maple, the hedge maple is a small- to medium-sized tree that can serve as a shade tree in small landscapes or can be pruned to serve as a hedge plant in larger landscapes.Medium-green foliage gives way to yellow colors in fall. These native trees are the best choice for tree planting in our area. Most, especially those celebrated in Canada’s eastern hardwood forests, display brilliant reds and oranges. Maple trees are members of the genus Acer, which includes a lot of variety in size, shape, color, and growth habit. The leaves are medium-green in color with three or five lobes; the foliage turns yellow-orange in fall. Tall, spreading tree; dark green leaves are very large with five lobes, and turn golden yellow in the fall; yellowish flowers grow in drooping clusters; maple keys are hairy with wings usually angled at about 45°. Here are 13 excellent maple tree species for your landscape. Small tree or multi-stemmed shrub; leaves have seven to nine lobes, and turn bright red or golden in the fall; white flowers grow in small clusters; maple key wings are wide apart. Maples are generally Slow growing; prefers a sheltered site. Medium-sized tree; leaves grow up to 15 cm long, with three to five sharply-toothed lobes, and turn brilliant red in the fall; twigs, buds, flowers are bright red; maple key wings are angled at about 60°. Eagleson and R. Hasner, The Maple Syrup Book (2006). The leafstalks are long and slender, and the blades palmately veined, meaning each has several main veins, all extending from the J.L. Its leaves are nothing like what you expect from a maple. Manitoba maple: Northern hackberry: Ohio buckeye: Pawpaw: Peachleaf willow: Pin cherry: Pin oak: Pitch pine: Red maple: Red mulberry: Red oak: Red pine: Red spruce: Sassafras: Serviceberries: Shagbark hickory: Showy mountain-ash: Shumard oak: Silver maple: Striped maple: Sugar maple: Swamp white oak: Sycamore: Tamarack: Trembling aspen: Tulip tree: White ash: White birch: White oak: White spruce This plant is sensitive to both heat and cold. The Sugar Maple leaf is on the bottom. The interesting bark provides plenty of winter interest. With all of the variations, it’s hard to pinpoint a few obvious features that make a tree a maple. Maples are important food sources for wildlife; the flower nectar and pollen is sought by bees, flies and other insects. The red maple lives up to its name at many points throughout the year. Greenish-white flowers in spring give way to red samaras, and the fall foliage is yellow or red. Medium-sized, dense-crowned tree; leaves have three lobes and are long-stalked, the blades are hairy beneath, and turn orange or yellow-brown in the fall; yellowish-green flowers grow in hanging clusters; maple key wings are only slightly angled. Signing up enhances your TCE experience with the ability to save items to your personal reading list, and access the interactive map. This edition has been prepared by B. H. McGauley and C. S. Native Trees of Southwestern Ontario including pictures of white birch, blue beech, bitternut hickory, pignut hickory, big shellbark hickory, shagbark hickory, chestnut, hackberry, redbud and … Maples grow Butternut. Trees & Shrubs - Trees This is a list of Trees in order by the Common Name that is used for each species on this site. produce wood with contorted grain patterns – known as “bird’s eye maple” – that is in demand by woodworkers. Cucumber tree. Here is a comparison of a Norway Maple leaf with that of Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum). Balsam Fir have flat 2-4 cm long, dark green needles. Small spreading tree; leaves are compound, each with three to seven (rarely nine) leaflets, and turn yellow in the fall; white flowers are densely clustered and without petals; maple key wings are paired in V-shape. Streambanks, gravelly slopes and open woods from British Columbia (except northeastern BC) to Alberta foothills and south to the US, mainly from Oregon to Utah. Many people decide to plant maples because they work well as shade, street, and specimen trees. This means that we have trees, shrubs and vines here that have been grown from seed collected in wild sites in Ontario. Three-lobed (or sometimes five-lobed) green leaves usually turn reddish in fall, though the particular hues can be unpredictable. Maple trees are used widely in landscape works as well as in the home garden. There is nothing more Canadian than a Sugar Maple tree, as its leaf is proudly displayed in the centre of our country’s flag. Believed to be over 500 years old, the remarkable Comfort Maple reaches a spectacular 80 ft (24.5 m) in height. There is good evidence that Indigenous peoples of the Douglas maple leaves have three to five lobes and their maple keys are paired in a V-shape. Another desirable trait is the ability of many maples to tolerate drought. Boxelder or Acer negundo - The most common maple sp. They can live to be extremely old, with some trees in Ontario being dated at over 1000 years old. Beetle, have caused significant damage to maples. These trees are native to Southwestern Ontario and grow naturally in … Comfort Maple is a 500-year-old sugar maple tree in Ontario, Canada. Forest understory, hillsides and stream edges; Saskatchewan east to Newfoundland, south to northeastern US. Turner, Nancy J.. "Maple Trees in Canada". Once established, the Amur maple will have some drought resistance. For many types of leaves, their overall shape and pattern are greatly defined by their margins. Red maple tree (Acer rubrum) varieties have distinctive palmate-shaped, green foliage that turns brilliant shades of red in fall. The Amur maple is one of the smaller trees in the Acer genus. Small tree or multi-stemmed shrub; leaves have three to five lobes, and turn yellow to red in the fall; yellowish green flowers grow in small clusters; maple key wings are paired in a V-shape. The Sugar Maple is a very popular choice for Southwestern Ontario because it is tolerant to a variety of soils. is dispersed by wind. Maples are trees and shrubs in the genus Acer, previously classified within the maple family Aceraceae, but now placed by some taxonomists in Sapindaceae (Soapberry family), which also includes horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastaneum). Suitable zones for planting: 5-8 The information contained here has been taken from “Trees in Canada” (Canadian Forest Service/NRCAN) and “Native Trees of Canada” by Tom Farrar. The three-lobed leaves are medium green on the top surfaces, with bottom surfaces that are gray-green. The spout which is inserted into the tree when tapping maple trees for sap is called a spile. Vanessa Richins Myers is a seasoned horticulturist, garden writer and educator with 10+ years of experience in the horticulture and gardening space. Many plant species within a genus have a similar appearance, but there can be surprises, as is the case with hornbeam maple. It is not a popular landscape tree because it lacks fall color, but the sycamore maple can make a good shade tree and has good tolerance for salty conditions. Damp, open woods and streamsides, from southwestern British Columbia to northern California. It has since become one of the most prevalent trees. They have flat, scale-like leaves, with small cones. maple key wings are angled at about 145°. Vine maple leaves have seven to nine lobes and turn bright red or yellow in the fall. The Japanese maple is a staple in many Japanese gardens, as well as in the world of bonsai. Maple fruits and seeds are eaten by birds, squirrels, The silver maple is one of the trees you are most likely to see throughout the U.S., since it naturalizes very easily and grows very quickly. The leaves are less like the classic maple, more closely resembling the leaves of ivies or ash trees (another common name for this plant is ivy-leaved maple). in mid-western North America, and the only maple with pinnately compound leaves. The Amur maple is one of the smaller trees in the Acer genus, growing either as a spreading multi-stem shrub or a small tree with a dense, rounded crown. Best of the Best: Maples With Great Fall Color, 40 Species of Pines From Around the World, 10 Species of Linden Trees for Your Landscape, 12 Trees With Brilliant Fall Color Plus Other Advantages, 12 Common Species of Willow Trees and Shrubs, 12 Common Species of Magnolia Trees and Shrubs. It is a fast-growing but short-lived maple, and in favorable conditions, it may grow as much as 80 feet in height. They turn yellowish or brown in the fall; flowers are densely clustered; maple keys are very large, with wings up to 5 cm For hardness, strength and beauty, SUGAR MAPLE sur passes all other species. Large branching, straight-trunked tree; leaves have five pointed lobes, and turn brilliant red in the fall; flowers are tiny, bell-shaped, and long-stalked; clustered maple keys have U-shaped wings that grow slightly apart. Farrar, J. L., Trees in Canada (1995). Shade tolerant, growing in moist floodplains and bottomlands, in southeastern hardwood forests from Ottawa to Montreal, and south in US to Tennessee. same point at the base of the leaf. Blue beech. The sugar maple is a large tree with a densely rounded crown. Maples found in Canada range from trees 40 metres or more tall (e.g., bigleaf maple, Acer macrophyllum) to shrubs less than 10 metres high (e.g. It is regarded as the oldest maple in Canada. The sure way to tell them apart is that Norway Maple has milky sap. Eastern Woodlands were the first to develop maple sugaring technologies; when Europeans arrived, the First Nations sold large quantities of maple sugar to the fur trading posts. Conifers are often called evergreens or needle-leaved trees (although there always exceptions). in a range of habitats and at varying altitudes but prefer deep, moist, fertile soils. As well as providing sap for sugar and syrup, some maples have edible inner bark that was formerly eaten fresh or dried, or powdered and used as a thickener in soups or as in ingredient in breads. Thanks for contributing to The Canadian Encyclopedia. Climate change, resulting in warmer, drier weather overall, is perhaps the greatest threat to Canadian maples. This is … Harriet V. Kuhnlein and Nancy J. Turner, “Traditional Plant Foods of Canadian Indigenous Peoples. The Freeman’s maple is a hybrid variety with gorgeous colorful foliage that reveals itself at the turn of the season in the fall. The fall colours are due to the production of pigments called anthocyanins (responsible for the red colours) and/or the presence of carotenoids (orange and yellow) in the leaves after the green chlorophyll breaks down. The leaves grow in pairs opposite one another at the stem nodes. As well, insect pests such as the introduced Asian Long-Horn On the west coast, however, the bigleaf maple, equally vibrant, turns bright golden yellow. of maples can be turned into baskets, ropes and even clothing, and the large leaves as a surface for laying food on. In fall, this tree turns attractive shades of yellow, orange, or red. Anishinaabe, Wolastoqiyik (Maliseet), Mi’kmaq, This medium-sized shade tree has an attractive dense crown that is symmetrically round, but it is a shallow-rooted tree. From the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the UK and the Missouri Botanical Garden in the US. Moist woodlands and prairies of western North America, from British Columbia’s central coast south to California. Deciduous trees are also known as hardwoods. The leaves are either green or red and come in a wide variety of shapes and textures—there are thousands of cultivars. Two outbreaks have occurred in Ontario so far – the latest in 2013 in Malton, where 7,500 trees were removed in an effort to contain the insect. The Arboretum conducts its own research as well as provides a site for others to do research projects. Eastern hemlock. The paperbark maple is often chosen for a landscape because of its cinnamon or reddish-brown colored bark that peels away from the trunk, even when the tree is young. Nearly all maple trees are deciduous and are generally a fairly hardy long lived tree. Also, click on "major plant groups" at the bottom of the page to browse descriptions of species of interest. Before planting a tree in Southwestern Ontario, consider one of our native species. The leaves typically have more lobes than other maples, and a finer texture. Regionally, this tree carries many different common names: scarlet maple, soft maple, Drummond red maple, Carolina red maple, swamp maple, trident red maple, and water maple. Maple species are also widely grown as ornamental trees on city streets and in yards across Canada, contributing aesthetic beauty, shade, erosion Maples are well known to Indigenous peoples in Canada, and are named in many Indigenous languages. In shape and size, this small tree looks similar to the Japanese maple and may be used in a similar way as a specimen tree. Known either as Norway maple or European maple, this popular species was brought to North America from Europe in the 18th century. In some areas it can be invasive, so check first with your local extension office before planting. Bur oak. Spring foliage is burgundy, turning green in summer, then yellow or yellow-orange in fall. In some areas, this tree is known as the planetree maple. Deciduous trees are often called broadleaf trees because most shed their leaves in autumn. It has been used by virtually all Indigenous peoples within the tree’s range, being rendered into syrup and sugar by Haudenosaunee, Types of Acer Maple Trees. The Canadian flag displays a stylized maple leaf, and maple is Canada’s official arboreal emblem. All trees in Canada can be distinguished as being a conifer or deciduous tree. Golden full moon maple Acer japonicum 'Aureum' 3m tall: zone 6: Rounded yellow leaves add a bright contrast to the garden. Small, shrub-like tree with distinctive vertically striped bark; leaves are broad and soft with three shallow lobes, and turn golden yellow in the fall; light yellow flowers grow in drooping clusters, with male and female flowers on different trees; This tree does well with urban conditions like salt and pollution. Other varieties usually feature yellow hues in fall. (Also naturalized in southern British Columbia and elsewhere in Canada, as well as Europe.). As with many widespread species, this tree carries several regional common names, such as soft maple, creek maple, river maple, white maple, and water maple. Fungi and algae are excluded. Canada is the leading producer of maple syrup and other maple food products in the world, with 90 per cent of Canadian maple syrup production coming from Quebec (as of early 2018). While most maple leaves are single-bladed, with three to nine pointed lobes, the Manitoba maple (Acer negundo) has compound leaves, with three to nine leaflets arranged along a central stalk. In, Turner, Nancy J., "Maple Trees in Canada". Fall color is stimulated by the slight stress that occurs when climate conditions become dry, and if you irrigate a maple too diligently, its fall color may be disappointing. wings are angled at about 45°. It can also be used as a street tree if the power lines are high enough. Acer ginnala is sometimes classified as a subspecies of Tatarian maple, carrying the label Acer tataricum subsp. The \"Embers\" and \"Flame\" varieties have especially vibrant fall colors in both leaves and fruit. Fall leaf color is red, with yellows sometimes also appearing. The fibrous inner bark Medium sized, short-trunked, spreading tree up to 35 m high; leaves light green above, silvery-white below, and deeply lobed. Maples are generally deciduous, with light-coloured, straight-grained wood. Of the 125 Acer species found worldwide, over two-thirds grow in China; 10 are native to Canada, and others are grown as ornamentals, with some (such as Norway maple, A. platanoides), becoming naturalized in parts of Canada. The leaves grow in pairs opposite one another at the stem nodes. Maple trees are deciduous trees, which belong to the Aceraceae family, and have about 128 different species. The leafstalks are long and slender, and the blades palmately veined, meaning each has … One of the most common maple tree diseases is known as maple wilt. Most of the maple species are deciduous woody plants, ranging from multi-stemmed shrubs to large upright trees with massive trunks. We also have a gene bank of rare Ontario trees (Rare Woody Plants of Ontario). Instead, as the scientific and common names note, the foliage more closely resembles that of the hornbeam tree (Carpinus spp.). There are approximately 150 species of maple around the world, most in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere, and the majority native to eastern Asia. Regionally, this species may be known as the rock maple or hard maple. The fast-growing tree, which is a cross between the red and silver maple, offers the best of both worlds. Maples have also been used medicinally to treat various ailments, from coughs and tuberculosis to dysentery. Leaves turn yellow in the fall. The bark of the eastern white cedar peels in long, narrow vertical strips. This large tree is an excellent shade tree for large landscapes and parks. Balsam Fir. Male Even in zone 5, a severe cold spell in winter can cause severe dieback, and in the southern part of the range, it benefits from some shade to prevent leaf scorch. These vigorous types of maple trees will survive in regions where other trees give up. O'Hagan Trees sells a variety of trees including Maples, Oaks, Birches, Fruit Trees and More! Common in hardwood forests in deep, well-drained soils, from Ontario to Maritimes and south in the US to Georgia and Kansas. and female flowers are separate, within the same cluster, in separate clusters, or on separate trees, again depending on the species. This medium-sized maple is a common landscape tree in North America, a classic shade tree with a rounded or oval-shaped crown. This is collected in sap pails hung on the trees. The paperbark maple is an excellent specimen tree for small landscapes, especially when planted near a deck or patio where it can be appreciated. In. The foliage turns dramatic shades of orange or red in fall. Upright, multi-branched habit. Golden Japanese maple S. Katz (1991). Tree Species List: The tree and shrub species listed below have been chosen because they are appropriate for the habitats surrounding the woodland at Westminster Ponds. The silver maple is found south from Ontario, throughout the Eastern United States and into Florida. Maples are famous for their brilliant fall colours. Maple trees come in a wide range of types or forms from smaller growing dwarf species to large trees. Small tree or large shrub with short, crooked trunk, often multi-stemmed; leaves are yellowish green above and whitish below, with three lobes, and turn yellow or brown in the fall; light yellow flowers grow in dense, upright spikes; maple key They are a major constituent of many temperate forests. As the name suggests, the leaves are quite large on this tree. Once established, it will have some drought resistance. The leaf of the maple tree is a key part of Canada’s flag. Each encloses a seed and It’s hard to imagine Canada without a maple tree. Innu, and Algonquin as well as various American groups. Along waterways and rich, moist bottom lands in southeastern Great Lakes and St. Lawrence forest region and through most of eastern US. This can be a somewhat difficult plant to find for sale, but it can make a good small tree or large shrub in the landscape. Rather than the palmate lobes found on the classic maple, this species has lobeless elongated leaves with pointed tips and corrugated texture. Sugar Maple is a tree that impresses with its amazing fall color. The dark-green leaves are quite large, with five lobes, but there is no fall color to speak of—the foliage remains green or may turn a yellowish-brown. Eastern flowering dogwood. deciduous, with light-coloured, straight-grained wood. Because the tree is so fast growing, the wood is brittle and branches break off without warning, according to “The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Trees of the World,” by Tony Russel, Catherine Cutler and Martin Walters. Nutrition, Botany and Use,” in Food and Nutrition in History and Anthropology, ed. The fruits (known as samaras or maple keys) are produced in winged pairs (rarely in threes). It has the biggest leaves of any maple; the classic five-lobed, palm-shape leaves can be over 12 inches wide. It is a very aromatic tree with sticky sap. Turner, N., Maple Trees in Canada (2019). The Arboretum is also in charge of the Ontario Tree Atlas Projectwhic… Maples yield wood used by Indigenous peoples for many purposes, from basketry to fish traps, snowshoes, bows, spear handles, paddles, and spindle whorls. The angle between the wings of a maple key varies with different species. Located five minutes outside of Peterborough, Ontario. Note that the Norway Maple leaf has more points than the Sugar Maple leaf. Trees available for pickup or delivery! Many varieties also develop thick exposed roots that make it hard to mow lawns; these types are better planted in a woodland setting or where the ground around them can be covered with mulch or a living ground cover other than grass. ginnala. The black maple is a large, deciduous tree 60 to 80 ft in height with a dense, rounded crown and a straight trunk up to 4 ft in diameter. Maple wilt seems to be most common in Norway maples but is also found in silver, sugar, red, sycamore and Japanese maples. A variety of habitats from swamps to dry woods, widely ranging over eastern North America. Some trees grow burls and Fern leaf maple Acer japonicum 'Aconitifolium' 5m tall: zone 5: Broad, deeply cut green leaves turn a brilliant scarlet in the fall. Maples are renowned for their autumn colors; many species put on a display of oranges, browns, yellows, and reds every year. Hummingbirds and other birds also like maple flower nectar. 'Crimson King' is one of the most popular varieties; it features very attractive maroon leaves throughout the growing season, but the fall color is unremarkable, turning a grayish color. Acer negundo (Manitoba maple or box-elder). Particularly frightening is the prospect of a possible invasion by the Asian long-horned beetle. The green leaves turn yellow or brownish-gold in fall. While it can make a good large shade tree in the right circumstances, this is not a tree that is very tolerant of urban conditions. Big leaf maple is a massive, thick-bodied tree with furrowed gray or reddish-brown bark. Maple trees include a sizable number of species in the genus Acer within the plant family Aceraceae. The Plant List Search this online database for information about one million plant species from around the world. The 'Embers' and 'Flame' varieties have especially vibrant fall colors in both leaves and fruit. This maple is the first choice for those seeking to make maple syrup, as the sap contains a larger percentage of plant sugars than with any other maple species. Conifers are also known as softwoods. Ten maple species are native to Canada. Boxelder has the largest range of all North American maples. Learn tips for creating your most beautiful (and bountiful) garden ever. 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